ABSTRACT
The incidence of functional dyspepsia (FD) is closely related to the dysfunction of brain-gut axis (BGA). Brain gut peptide (BGP) is expressed in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, which is important factor involved in BGA. FD is in the category of "stomach cramps" and "small full" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM believes that the brain and intestines are closely connected to each other and form a brain-gut interaction. Therefore, the intestinal function is regulated by the brain, which is consistent with the BGA theory of western medicine. Researchers for TCM verified that the clinical symptoms of FD could be alleviated by regulating BGP and/or BGA through experimental research, clinical prescription therapy, and clinical non-drug therapy. Although TCM has a unique therapeutic effect on the treatment of FD, it has not yet to verify that TCM exerts significant clinical efficacy on FD, which still requires high-quality evidence-based medical evidence verification.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Dyspepsia , Gastrointestinal Tract , Intestines , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on CD4+T cells in liver after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) in mice. Methods Two hundred and twenty-five mice were randomly divided into sham group, control group and MSC group, with 75 mice in each group. HIRI model mice were used in MSC group and control group. HUC-MSCs were injected in MSC group through inferior vena cava. Normal saline was injected in control group through inferior vena cava. Only laparotomy and abdominal closure were performed in sham group without blood vessel clipping. At 6, 12 and 24 h after operation, 15 mice of each group were randomly selected to sample eyeball blood and liver tissues, and the 30 mice left in each group were used to extract intrahepatic mononuclear cells. The number of intrahepatic mononuclear cells, percentage, number and positive rate of CD4+T cells in the mice of various groups at different time points were compared. The content of interleukin (IL)-17 in serum and liver tissue as well as expression levels of costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in liver tissues of the mice at different time points were compared. Results At 12 and 24 h after operation, the number of intrahepatic mononuclear cells of control group was significantly higher than that of sham group, while the number of intrahepatic mononuclear cells of MSC group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01-0.05). At 6, 12 and 24 h after operation, the percentage, number and positive rate of CD4+T cells of control group were significantly higher than those of sham group (all P<0.01), while the percentage of CD4+T cells of MSC group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01-0.05). At 12 and 24 h after operation, the number and positive rate of CD4+T cells of MSC group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01-0.05). At 6, 12 and 24 h after operation, the IL-17 contents in serum and liver tissues of control group were higher than those of sham group (all P<0.01), while the IL-17 contents in serum and liver tissues of MSC group were lower than those of control group (all P<0.01). At 6 h after operation, the mRNA expression level of B7-2 of control group was higher than that of sham group (P<0.05). At 12 and 24 h after operation, the mRNA expression levels of B7-1 and B7-2 of control group were higher than those of sham group (all P<0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of B7-1 and B7-2 of MSC group were lower than those of control group (all P<0.01). Conclusions HUC-MSCs inhibits the number of CD4+T cells and the secretion of IL-17 in liver after HIRI, as well as decreases the number of intrahepatic mononuclear cells and the mRNA expression of B7-1 and B7-2, thereby alleviating HIRI.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and cholecystokinin (CCK) on the regulation of the motility of sphincter of Oddi (SO).Methods The basal pressure,action rate and contraction range of the SO were examined before and after the injection of CCK,sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NG-nitroL-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME).The expression of neurons with positive expression of NO synthase was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The measurement data were analyzed by using the t test.Results The basal pressure,contraction rate and contraction range of the SO were (27 + 10)mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),( 10 ± 3 ) times/minute and (32 + 8 ) mm Hg before injection of CCK,and (61 + 14) mm Hg,(64 +21 ) times/minute,(44 ± 15 ) mm Hg after injection of CCK of 20 ng/kg.After injection of CCK of 100 ng/kg,the basal pressure,contraction range and contraction rate of the SO were (77 ± 31 )mm Hg,(69 ± 18 ) times/minutes,(79 + 14) mm Hg when the inhibition effect of CCK reached peak,and were ( 140 ± 21 ) mm Hg,( 129 ± 25 )times/minutes,( 173 ± 63 ) mm Hg when the excitatory effect of CCK reached peak.After injection of SNP into the common bile duct,the basal pressure,contraction range and contraction rate of the SO decreased significantly ( t =3.706,5.183,P ＜ 0.05),while the 3 indexes increased significantly after injection of SNP (t =5.859,3.588,P ＜O.05).Conclusion Different from physiological dose (20 ng/kg) of CCK,large dose of CCK enhances motility of SO intensively.NO relaxes SO,which may play an important role in the inhibitor pathway of CCK.